Protein	Species	EX	EM	e	F	Brightness	Aggregation	pKa	t1/2	Source	Notes
EBFP	Aequorea victoria	380	440	29000	0.3	9.0	Monomer			Clontech†
SuperGlo BFP	Aequorea victoria	387	450				Monomer			Qbiogene	sgBFP
ECFP	Aequorea victoria	433	475	32500	0.4	13.0	Monomer	4.7		Clontech	actually a weak dimer
mCFP	Aequorea victoria	433	475	32500	0.4	13.0	Monomer	4.7		www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[20] true monomer
Cerulean	Aequorea victoria	433	475	43000	0.6	26.7	Monomer	4.7			[13] improved ECFP
AmCyan1	Anemonia majano	458	489	40000	0.2	9.6	Tetramer			Clontech†	[1] more photostable than ECFP
Midoriishi-Cyan	Acropora sp. “Midori-ishi”	472	495	27250	0.9	24.5	Dimer	6.6		MBL International	[14]
CopGFP	Pontellina plumata	482	502	70000	0.6	42.0	Monomer	4.3		Evrogen	Discontinued
TurboGFP	Pontellina plumata	482	502	70000	0.5	37.1	Monomer	5.2		Evrogen	Faster folding, brighter, less pH sensitive than EGFP
AcGFP1	Aequorea coerulescens	475	505	50000	0.6	27.5	Monomer			Clontech	(Evrogen)
Azami Green	Galaxea fascicularis "Azami-Sango"	492	505	72300	0.7	48.4	Tetramer	<5.0		MBL International	[11]
mAzami Green	Galaxea fascicularis Azami-Sango"	492	505	55000	0.7	40.7	Monomer	5.8		MBL International	[11]
ZsGreen1	Zoanthus sp.	493	505	35600	0.6	22.4	Tetramer			Clontech†	[1]
R.muelleri GFP	Renilla muelleri	485	506				‡			Lux biotechnology	humanized codon
hrGFP	Renilla reniformis	500	506				‡Dimer			Stratagene	hr = humanized renilla
hrGFPII	Renilla reniformis	500	506				‡Dimer			Stratagene	brighter form of hrGFP
EGFP	Aequorea victoria	488	507	56000	0.6	33.6	Monomer			Clontech	actually a weak dimer
mGFP	Aequorea victoria	488	507	56000	0.6	33.6	Monomer			www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[20] true monomer
Emerald	Aequorea victoria	487	509	57500	0.7	39.1	Monomer				[8] EGFP derivative; 5-fold brighter at 37° C
SuperGlo GFP	Aequorea victoria	474	509				Monomer			Qbiogene	sgGFP
Ptilosarcus GFP	Ptilosarcus	485	508	22450			‡			Lux biotechnology	humanized codon
R.reniformis GFP	Renilla reniformis	485	508	15840			‡Dimer			Lux biotechnology	native codon
GFPuv	Aequorea victoria	395	509	30000	0.8	23.7	Monomer			Clontech†	[22]
Sapphire	Aequorea victoria	399	511	29000	0.6	18.6	Monomer				[8] H9-40
T-Sapphire	Aequorea victoria	399	511	44000	0.6	26.4	Monomer				[12] faster folding
Monster GFP	Montastrea cavernosa	505	515				‡			Promega	(hMGFP)
EYFP	Aequorea victoria	514	527	83400	0.6	50.9	Monomer			Clontech†	actually a weak dimer
mYFP	Aequorea victoria	514	527	83400	0.6	50.9	Monomer			www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[20] true monomer
Topaz	Aequorea victoria	514	527	94500	0.6	56.7	Monomer				[8]
Venus	Aequorea victoria	515	528	92200	0.6	52.6	Monomer	6			[9] EYFP derivative; brighter & less Cl/pH sensitive
Citrine	Aequorea victoria	516	529	77000	0.8	58.5	Monomer	5.7		www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[2] EYFP derivative; Less Cl, pH sensitive
PhiYFP	Phialidium sp.	525	537	130000	0.4	52.0	Monomer	6		Evrogen
mHoneydew	Discosoma sp.	487/504	537/562	17000	0.1	2.0	Monomer	<4.0		www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[16]
ZsYellow1	Zoanthus sp.	529	539	20200	0.4	8.5	Tetramer			Clontech	[1]
mBanana	Discosoma sp.	540	553	6000	0.7	4.2	Monomer	6.7	1	www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[16]
mKusabira-Orange	Fungia concinna “Kusabira-ishi”	548	559	51600	0.6	31.0	Monomer	5		MBL International	[14]
Kusabira-Orange	Fungia concinna “Kusabira-ishi”	548	561	73700	0.5	33.2	Dimer	<5.0		MBL International	[14]
mOrange	Discosoma sp.	548	562	71000	0.7	49.0	Monomer	<6.5	2.5	www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[16] acid quenched
cOFP	Cerianthus SP.	552	564				Tetramer			Stratagene	[21]
DsRed-Express	Discosoma sp.	557	579	30100	0.4	12.6	Tetramer		0.7	Clontech	[4] DsRed.T1
tdimer2(12)	Discosoma sp.	552	579	60000	0.7	41.4	Dimer	4.8	~2	www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[3] *Tandem Dimer
tdimer2(12)	Discosoma sp.	552	579	120000*	0.7	81.6*	Monomer*	4.8	~2	www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[3] *Tandem Dimer
dTomato	Discosoma sp.	554	581	69000	0.7	47.6	Dimer	4.7	1	www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[16]
tdTomato	Discosoma sp.	554	581	138000*	0.7	95.2*	Monomer*	4.7	1	www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[16] *Tandem Dimer
mTangerine	Discosoma sp.	568	585	38000	0.3	11.4	Monomer	5.7		www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[16]
AsRed2	Anemonia sulcata	576	592	56200	0.1	2.8	Tetramer			Clontech	asFP595 from [6]?
mStrawberry	Discosoma sp.	574	596	90000	0.3	26.1	Monomer	<4.5	0.8	www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[16]
mRFP1	Discosoma sp.	584	607	44000	0.3	11.0	Monomer	4.5	<1	www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[3]
Jred	Anthomedusae jellyfish	584	610	44000	0.2	8.8	Monomer			Evrogen
mCherry	Discosoma sp.	587	610	72000	0.2	15.8	Monomer	<4.5	0.3	www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[16]
eqFP611	Discosoma sp.	559	611	78000	0.5	35.1	Tetramer	<4.0			[7]
HcRed1	Heteractis crispa	588	618	80000	0	3.2	Dimer			Clontech	HcRed-2A from [5]
mRaspberry	Discosoma sp.	598	625	86000	0.2	12.9	Monomer		~0.9	www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[15] "R10D6"
t-HcRed	Heteractis crispa	590	637	160000*	0	6.4*	Monomer*			Evrogen	*Tandem Dimer
mPlum	Discosoma sp.	590	649	41000	0.1	4.1	Monomer		~1.7	www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu	[15] "R23H6"
Notes:
This table is was created by Eric Schroeter in the Rachel Wong Lab at Washington University School of Medicine. It is based on Kurt Thorn's lab GFP web page (http://cgr.harvard.edu/thornlab/gfps.htm) , which is a excellent online resource. Values are from either from the suppliers or are referenced if published . I've attempted include information on all commercially available FP's. Some FP's that are essentially obsolete have been included for comparison to more current versions.
e = Extinction Coefficient F = Quantum Yield Brightness is the product of the extinction coefficient (e) and the quantum yield (F), divided by 1000
* Tandem dimers are made by making a fusing two tandem copies of the coding sequence with an intervening linker, so that "dimerization" occurs intramolecularly. The resulting expressed polypeptide contains two complete b-cans and two equally absorbing chromophores. Since values for e and brightness are based on molarity these values are doubled.
‡ Most of the native FP's found form oligomers. Renilla reniformis GFP is found as a dimer, while the anthazoan FP's are generally found to be tetramers.
† As of 3 March 2005, Clontech's no longer has a license for "Enhanced" Fluorescent Proteins and does not sell or support them. Amersham Bioscience now manages the licensing of these proteins, although the individual plasmids don't appear to be listed among their products.
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